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Source: http://www.facebook.com/PS3T.org/posts/10151685933399726
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Friday, July 5, 2013
Zambia National Teachers Union threatens strike action
The Zambia National Teachers Union (ZNUT) has threatened to take strike action if government does not honour this year?s collective agreement for improved conditions of service for its members.
ZNUT President Henry Kapenda expressed concern that some conditions of service which should have been effected in June this year were still pending and this raised concerns on whether salary increments would take effect by September this year.
?Come September, if ZNUT members do not get their salary increments, we will call for a nationwide strike,? he said.
Mr Kapenda said this today during the ZNUT 10th Quadrennial Conference at New Fairmount hotel in Livingstone.
He further said ZNUT members had the right to belong to social or political calls of their choices but the union does not subscribe to any political or social dispensation.
?Having said that, where things are wrong we shall condemn especially if we are not listened to and consulted, like the recent issue of removal of allowances for deserving teachers,? he said.
Mr Kapenda highlighted some of the threats ZNUT was facing as inconsistent statements from government on issues of national interest, lack of consultation on policy matters and delays to assent to the Education Bill among others.
However, Education Minister John Phiri who officially opened the conference, advised ZNUT to desist from taking any strike action as pupils and not government officials would suffer.
Dr Phiri said it was imperative for all teachers to focus on the well-being of pupils as government was aware of the challenges facing the education sector but remained committed to enhance the welfare of teachers.
?I know there is a lack of visible appreciation for teachers, schools are falling apart, teachers? accommodation has not been a priority over the years but the PF government remains committed to enhancing the welfare of teachers,? he said.
He said the PF government was determined to move away from the disorder and mediocrity left by the MMD government during its tenure in office.
Dr Phiri said it was shameful for the nation to have a record of 345, 000 children enrolled in grade one, 200, 000 dropping out of school by grade nine and only 30, 000 getting tertiary education.
He however, stated that measures such as recruitment of 1000 early childhood education teachers, upgrading of basic schools to secondary school level and building of provincial universities among others were aimed at restoring sanity in the education sector.
Earlier, Zambia Congress of Trade Unions (ZCTU) President Leonard Hikaumba noted that the country faced a serious shortage of teachers which adversely affected the teacher-pupil ratio.
?It is common to find overcrowded classrooms being managed by a single teacher and this reduces the level of giving individual attention to pupils,? he said.
Mr Hikaumba reiterated that proper remuneration was an effective way of motivating teachers and called on government to prioritize paying allowances due to deserving teachers.
He also appealed to government to escalate opportunities for higher training for teachers in order for them to meet current demands of the teaching profession.
The ZNUT 10th National Quadrennial Conference of delegates is being held under the theme: ?Promoting high quality education through a highly motivated professional teacher? and has representatives from Zambia, Botswana, Swaziland, South Africa, Norway and Ghana.
ZANIS
Source: http://www.lusakatimes.com/2013/07/05/zambia-national-teachers-union-threatens-strike-action/
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Thursday, July 4, 2013
Left 4 Dead 2 mutates past Linux beta, adds more mod tools
Left 4 Dead 2 is the latest game in Valve's catalog to clamber out of the Steam for Linux beta. Unlike last week's Half-Life 2 news however, the extra something coming along for the ride isn't VR headset support -- it's a powerful suite of customization tools. The Extended Mutation System (EMS) gives the already robust modding community additional options for crafting one-off episodes and game type variants. For a glimpse of what EMS enables, play a round of "Holdout." This new multi-map mode introduces buildable items and the concept of resources to the co-op zombie-slaying calamity. What's more, Valve said it will add the most popular EMS creations to the official servers. Maybe with this, the world can finally witness our vision of the zombie apocalypse. Yeah, it involves marmosets.
Filed under: Gaming
Via: Left 4 Dead Blog
Source: Steam
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ZEN & TECH 55: Parenting; Keeping kids safe on social
ZEN & TECH is our mobile lifestyle podcast, focusing not just on our phones, tablets, and gadgets, but how we can use technology to help us live better, richer, happier lives. It's how we center our inner geeks! On today's show, Georgia and Rene tie into Talk Mobile 2013 and, as part of our ongoing parenting series, look at how we can handle kids going online and onto social networks, from when they're very young, to when they're legally adults.
- Subscribe via RSS: Audio | Video
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Hosts
- Georgia (@Georgia_Prime)
- Rene Ritchie (@reneritchie)
Disclaimer
While Georgia is a therapist, she's not YOUR therapist. Everything said or implied on this show is for informational and entertainment purposes only. And shouldn't be taken in any way as a replacement for proper, professional care.
Credits
Music is Peace on Earth by wellman.
Thanks everyone, you're the best community on the web and we love having you with us!
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Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TheIphoneBlog/~3/Jb-1lrts-T0/story01.htm
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Wednesday, July 3, 2013
Canon reinvents video focusing with the fiercely fast EOS 70D (hands-on)
Looking to capture professional-quality video on the cheap? You've probably considered a DSLR, but for many users, an interchangeable-lens camera might not be the best pick. Camcorders and higher-end video rigs typically offer far more powerful autofocus capabilities, and while Digital SLR footage can look great, if you're not tweaking the lens manually, things might not go as smoothly as you'd hope. Canon's setting out to change that, with its brilliant new EOS 70D. On the surface, this 20.2-megapixel camera doesn't venture far from its 60D roots, but internally, it's an entirely different ballgame.
At the core of the 70D's modifications is what Canon's calling Dual Pixel CMOS AF. Essentially, the sensor includes twice the number of pixels in an (very successful) attempt to improve focusing. There are 40.3 million photodiodes on the sensor, and when they're all working together, "it's like 20 million people tracking the focus with both eyes," as Canon explains. The result is camcorder-like focusing for both stills and video, when you're shooting in live view mode. During our test with a pre-production sample, the device performed phenomenally, adjusting focus instantaneously when snapping stills, and quickly but gradually when recording video. Join us after the break for a closer look.
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Gross, Here Are 5 Toxic Chemicals in Your Food
You know what I hate about eating? The constant conversation on whether this food is good for you or bad for you. It seems to change everyday! New reports say this will cause cancer. Other reports say the same thing can prevent it. Even awful food that contains arsenic and other toxic chemicals can be somehow reasoned to be not as bad for you. This video by BuzzFeed shows you what's toxic inside the food you eat (birthday cake! chicken!) but how it isn't all that bad for you either. Let's just either eat what's delicious or not eat at all! [BuzzFeed Video]
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Tuesday, July 2, 2013
Batman In 'Justice League': With Christian Bale Out, Who's In?
With an 'Avengers'-style team-up a major possibility, the Dark Knight could look very different the next time we see him.
By Kevin P. Sullivan
Christian Bale As Batman
Photo: Warner Bros.
Source: http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1709911/new-justice-league-batman.jhtml
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Nuke test radiation can fight poachers who kill elephants, rhinos, hippos
July 1, 2013 ? University of Utah researchers developed a new weapon to fight poachers who kill elephants, hippos, rhinos and other wildlife. By measuring radioactive carbon-14 deposited in tusks and teeth by open-air nuclear bomb tests, the method reveals the year an animal died, and thus whether the ivory was taken illegally.
"This could be used in specific cases of ivory seizures to determine when the ivory was obtained and thus whether it is legal," says geochemist Thure Cerling, senior author of a study about the new method. It was published online the week of July 1 in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
"The dating method is affordable and accessible to government and law enforcement agencies," costing about $500 per sample, says the study's first author, geochemist Kevin Uno, who did the research for his University of Utah Ph.D. thesis.
"It has immediate applications to fighting the illegal sale and trade of ivory that has led to the highest rate of poaching seen in decades," says Uno, now a postdoctoral researcher at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory.
Not only can the method help wildlife forensics to combat poaching, but "we've shown that you can use the signature in animal tissues left over from nuclear weapons testing in the atmosphere to study modern ecology and help us learn about fossil animals and how they lived," says Cerling, a distinguished professor of geology and geophysics, and biology at the University of Utah.
The method uses the "bomb curve," which is a graph -- shaped roughly like an inverted "V" -- showing changes in carbon-14 levels in the atmosphere -- and thus absorbed by plants and animals in the food chain. The carbon-14 was formed in the atmosphere by U.S. and Soviet atmospheric nuclear weapons tests in Nevada and Siberia from 1952 through 1962. Those levels peaked in the 1960s and have declined ever since but still are absorbed by and measurable in plant and animal tissues.
The study was funded by the National Science Foundation, the National Geographic Society and the University of Utah. Cerling and Uno conducted it with geologist Jay Quade, a former Utah doctoral student now at the University of Arizona; Daniel C. Fisher, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; George Wittemyer, Colorado State University; Iain Douglas-Hamilton, founder of Save the Elephants; and Samuel Andanje, Patrick Omondi and Moses Litoroh, all of the Kenya Wildlife Service.
Ivory Trade Drives Elephant Slaughter
International agreements banned most trade of raw ivory from Asian elephants after 1975 and African elephants after 1989. In the United States, raw and worked African ivory (jewelry, figurines, gun and knife handles) is legal if it was imported before 1989 or, if worked ivory is imported after, it must be at least 100 years old.
Yet tons of illegal ivory still are sold because dealers claim the ivory was taken before the ban and there has been no test to prove them wrong -- until now.
"With an accurate age of the ivory, we can verify if the trade is legal or not" when the age is combined with existing DNA analysis to determine if an elephant is from Africa or Asia, says Uno, who earned his University of Utah Ph.D. last year. "Currently 30,000 elephants a year are slaughtered for their tusks, so there is a desperate need to enforce the international trade ban and reduce demand."
Only 423,000 African elephants are left. Conservation groups say 70 percent of smuggled ivory goes to China. The United States is the next biggest illegal market. Rising ivory prices have drawn organized crime and spurred militias in Darfur, Uganda, Sudan and Somalia to kill elephants and sell tusks so they can buy guns.
How the Study Was Performed
Neutrons from the nuclear tests bombarded nitrogen -- the atmosphere's most common gas -- to turn some of it into carbon-14. Cosmic rays do that naturally at a low level, but open-air nuclear tests in the 1950s and 1960s sharply increased atmospheric, plant and animal carbon-14 levels, followed by a steady decline ever since.
The method in the study is a bit like telling a tree's age by its rings, but instead of counting rings, Cerling, Uno and colleagues measured carbon-14 levels at various points along the lengths of elephants' and hippos' tusks and teeth.
The conventional way of measuring carbon-14 is to wait for and count when the isotope decays radioactively. In the study, the researchers used accelerator mass spectrometry, or AMS, which requires 1,000 times less material for analysis -- a big advantage when sampling fossils or small pieces of worked ivory, Cerling says.
In AMS, the material being analyzed is bombarded with cesium atoms, which sputters off carbon atoms so the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 can be measured.
The researchers tested the accuracy of carbon-14 dating in 29 animal and plant tissues killed and collected on known dates from 1905 to 2008. The samples included elephant tusks and molars, hippo tusks and canine teeth, oryx horn, hair from monkeys and elephant tails, and some grasses collected in Kenya in 1962.
Samples came from museums in Africa and elsewhere, and from Amina, an elephant that died naturally in Kenya in 2006, and from Misha, an African elephant euthanized in 2008 due to declining health at Utah's Hogle Zoo in Salt Lake City.
The analysis revealed that various tissues that formed at the same time have the same carbon-14 levels, and that grasses and the animals eating them had the same levels. By determining carbon-14 in these samples of known dates, the researchers now can measure carbon-14 levels in other ivory to determine its age, within about a year.
The four oldest samples -- from animals died between 1905 and 1953 -- had minimal carbon-14 because they died before atmospheric nuclear weapons tests. So the test can identify pre-1955 ivory by its low, pre-nuclear-test levels of carbon-14.
Cerling says the method can determine the year of death for any animal killed after 1955, identifying the time of the most recent tissue formation -- at the base of a tusk or tooth, for example. The method is less precise for animals killed more recently; it can tell if an animal died between 2010 and 2013, but not more precisely.
It takes about 5,700 years for half of carbon-14 to decay radioactively. But the amount in Earth's atmosphere after the 1950s and 1960s bomb tests faded much more quickly because oceans and trees absorb carbon dioxide -- including carbon-14 -- from the atmosphere. So the method won't work for tusks or other tissues that grow after about 15 years from now, when atmospheric carbon-14 returns to pre-bomb levels.
Understanding Ancient and Modern Ecosystems
While the method's use against poaching is important, "the scientific part is the importance of understanding time in the formation of animal tissues and how diet and physiology is recorded in those tissues over time" as they grow, Cerling says.
Cerling says that will improve understanding of what prehistoric and modern animals ate over time, especially when combined with existing isotope analysis of ratios of carbon-13 to carbon-12 in teeth -- data that reveal whether animals ate diets based on tree and shrub leaves and fruits, or upon grasses and grazing animals.
So as part of the new study, the scientists also analyzed another 41 samples to determine the growth rates for tusks and teeth from elephants and hippos, and elephant tail hair, Cerling says.
Extrapolating the growth rates of tusks, teeth and hair to fossil or modern elephants and other animals "will help us improve the chronology of the diet history of an individual fossil or modern animal," Cerling says.
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At One Army Base, A Vision For A New Shade Of Green
Los Angeles Times:
Maj. Gen. Dana J.H. Pittard, as commander at Ft. Bliss, moves to cut energy use, increase recycling, conserve water and more. To him, it's a matter of security.
Read the whole story at Los Angeles Times
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Monday, July 1, 2013
Sports briefs
LOCAL
Hall of Fame to hold free youth basketball camp
The Woodville-Tompkins? Hall of Fame is sponsoring a free basketball camp for children ages 9-11 and 12-14 on July 20 and July 27 at the Temple of Glory Community Church at 1105 Stiles Ave.
For further information, call Marion Dingle at 912-352-7768 or Ulysses Jackson at 912-306-4771.
St. Andrew?s volleyball camp set for July 8-12
The St. Andrew?s School volleyball camp is scheduled for July 8-12, from 9 a.m. to noon each day.
The camp is designed for rising seventh-, eighth- and ninth-graders who have at least one year of middle school or club volleyball experience. Players will hone their spiking, serving, passing, digging and setting skills. The players will explore defenses and offenses.
The camp costs $105 plus registration fee. For information, go to http://www.saintschool.com/SummerCamp?rc=0 or call coach Carol Schretter at 912-398-5767.
STATE
Dream beat Silver Stars for 6th straight victory
ATLANTA ? Tiffany Hayes scored 19 points, Angel McCoughtry had 15 points and nine assists, and the Atlanta Dream beat the San Antonio Silver Stars 93-67 on Sunday to improve to 10-1.
Jasmine Thomas added 15 points, and Aneika Henry had 12 to help the Dream win their sixth straight game and remain perfect in seven home games.
Jia Perkins scored 19 points for San Antonio (3-7). The Silver Stars have lost five of their last six.
San Antonio dressed just eight players, with DeLisha Milton-Jones (leg) and Shenise Johnson (knee) joining the team?s lengthy injury list. The Silver Stars already were without Becky Hammon (finger), Jayne Appel (concussion) and Sophia Young (knee).
INTERNATIONAL
Nico Rosberg captures British Grand Prix
SILVERSTONE, England ? Nico Rosberg won the British Grand Prix on Sunday after four drivers, including early leader Lewis Hamilton, had to deal with exploding tires and three-time champion Sebastian Vettel quit with 10 laps remaining because of mechanical problems.
With Vettel?s Red Bull teammate Mark Webber closing fast, Rosberg managed to win his second race of the year and third of his career by 0.7 seconds in a nail-biting finish ? then had to survive a stewards inquiry.
Ferrari?s Fernando Alonso, who started ninth, made a late charge up the grid and got past Lotus driver Kimi Raikkonen with two laps remaining to claim third. Hamilton also recovered to finish fourth, after his blown tire sent him to the back of the grid in the eighth lap.
Soon after celebrating, Rosberg risked seeing his victory slip away when he was referred to the stewards for not slowing down for yellow flags in turns 3 and 5. The stewards ruled that Rosberg ?did not make a significant reduction in speed? but would only receive a reprimand, or warning. After three reprimands during a season, drivers are given a 10-place grid penalty. This was Rosberg?s first.
?Fantastic, it?s very special,? said Rosberg, who also won in Monaco and in China last year.?
Hamilton seemed poised to win his first British Grand Prix since 2008 after getting a great start and extending his lead over three-time world champion Vettel.
But on the eighth lap, the 2008 champion?s left rear tire exploded and he was forced to limp into the pits. Two laps later, Ferrari?s Felipe Massa lost his left rear tire and spun out. Then, Toro Rosso?s Jean-Eric Vergne also lost his rear tire on the 15th, sending rubber flying across the track.
That brought out the safety car until lap 22 and sparked renewed concerns about the reliability of Pirelli tires. It also prompted drivers to later warn of the dangers of exploding tires.
Source: http://savannahnow.com/sports/2013-06-30/sports-briefs
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Vatican bank director, deputy resign amid scandal
ROME (AP) ? The director of the embattled Vatican bank and his deputy resigned Monday following the latest developments in a broadening finance scandal that has already landed one Vatican monsignor in prison and added urgency to Pope Francis' reform efforts.
The Vatican said in a statement that Paolo Cipriani and his deputy, Massimo Tulli, stepped down "in the best interest of the institute and the Holy See."
Cipriani, along with the bank's then-president, was placed under investigation by Rome prosecutors in 2010 for alleged violations of Italy's anti-money-laundering norms after financial police seized 23 million euro ($30 million) from a Vatican account at a Rome bank. Neither has been charged and the money was eventually ordered released.
But the bank, known as the Institute for Religious Works, or IOR, has remained under the glare of prosecutors and now Francis amid fresh concerns it has been used as an offshore tax haven.
Last week, a Vatican accountant was arrested as part of Rome prosecutors' broadening investigation into the IOR. Monsignor Nunzio Scarano is accused of corruption and slander in connection with a plot to smuggle 20 million euro ($26 million) into Italy from Switzerland without reporting it to customs officials.
Scarano, dubbed "Don 500" by the Italian media because of his purported favorite euro banknote, acknowledged under questioning Monday that his behavior was wrong but that he was only trying to help out friends, attorney Silverio Sica told The Associated Press.
According to wiretapped phone conversations, Scarano was in touch regularly with both Cipriani and Tulli to get the required bank approval to move large amounts of cash into and out of his IOR accounts. Scarano had two such accounts: a personal one and one called "Fondo Anziani" to receive charitable donations for projects to help the elderly, prosecutors say.
In addition to his Rome arrest, Scarano is also under investigation in the southern city of Salerno for alleged money-laundering stemming from a 560,000 euro cash withdrawal he made from his IOR charity account in 2009. Sica, the attorney, has said Scarano arranged complicated transactions with dozens of other people and eventually used the money to pay off a mortgage.
The group of five cardinals overseeing the IOR accepted the resignations of Cipriani and Tulli and tapped the IOR's current president, German financier and aristocrat Ernst von Freyberg, to serve as interim director, a Vatican statement said.
Von Freyberg, who was named IOR president in February following the clamorous ouster last year of Italian banker Ettore Gotti Tedeschi for incompetence, thanked Cipriani and Tulli for their years of work and said much progress has been made in recent years to bring greater transparency to the Vatican's finances.
"While we are grateful for what has been achieved, it is clear today that we need new leadership to increase the pace of this transformation process," von Freyberg said in a statement.
Italian banker Rolando Marranci was named as acting deputy and another banking expert, Antonio Montaresi, has been brought into a new position as chief risk officer to help ensure the IOR complies with anti-money laundering and anti-terrorism norms. Both belong to the Promontory Group, an expert in the field of anti-money laundering which has been retained by the IOR to help it comply with international norms.
The IOR's board has begun the process of finding a permanent director and deputy director, the statement said.
The Vatican bank was founded in 1942 by Pope Pius XII to manage assets destined for religious or charitable works. Located in a tower just inside the gates of Vatican City, it isn't open to the public ? only to Vatican employees, religious orders and diplomats accredited to the Holy See.
Last week, Francis announced a commission of inquiry into the bank's activities and legal status to ensure it is in "harmony" with the Catholic Church's mission. It's part of his overall reform effort of the Vatican bureaucracy, mandated by the cardinals who elected him pope in March.
The reason for concern about the IOR is well-founded: The bank has long been the source of some of the greatest scandals of the Holy See, famously implicated in a scandal over the collapse of the Banco Ambrosiano in the 1980s, in one of Italy's largest fraud cases.
Roberto Calvi, the head of Banco Ambrosiano, was found hanging from Blackfriars Bridge in London in 1982 in circumstances that still remain mysterious.
Banco Ambrosiano collapsed following the disappearance of $1.3 billion in loans the bank had made to several dummy companies in Latin America. The Vatican had provided letters of credit for the loans.
While denying any wrongdoing, the Vatican bank agreed to pay $250 million to Ambrosiano's creditors.
The late Archbishop Paul Marcinkus, an American prelate who headed the Vatican bank at the time, was charged as an accessory to fraudulent bankruptcy in the scandal, but Italy's Constitutional Court eventually backed the Vatican in ruling that under Vatican-Italian treaties Marcinkus had immunity from Italian prosecution. Marcinkus long asserted his innocence and died in 2006.
___
Follow Nicole Winfield at www.twitter.com/nwinfield
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/vatican-bank-director-deputy-resign-amid-scandal-182224080.html
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Top 7 Tips for Keeping Your Payroll Information Organized - daydaily
Written on June 30, 2013 ? 3:40 am | by guest writer |
A small business?s payroll department is an important part of its business operations. Whether it?s run by one person or a large staff, an organized flow of finances keeps the business going strong. There?s no room for disorganization when it comes to payroll because even the smallest of mistakes can end up costing the company dearly.
There are several considerations that can help a small business keep their payroll information organized. Maintaining organization can help streamline the payroll process, resulting in happy employees and payroll staff.
Organized payroll means employees get paid without delay.
Payroll Organization Tips for Small Businesses
- Organize Personnel Files.Organization of important employee files might sound like something that would automatically happen, but small businesses don?t always have access to extra staff members or additional work time to keep personnel files organized and up to date. One thing that can help is to organize as files are added to, rather than wait for work to pile up.
- Keep Employee Records Secure.Part of the organization process includes keeping employee payroll records secure. All files, whether stored as hard copies in the office or stored online, should not be easily accessed by anyone outside of the payroll department besides the business owner.
- Simplify Policies.Policies, while well-intentioned, can complicate and confuse things. A business owner should ensure that policies regarding paid vacation, days off, expenses, and commission are concise and simple to promote streamlining during the processing of payroll.
- Go Paperless.Good records are vital to an organized payroll system, but a paper trail isn?t. With all the advancements in technology, there?s really no reason for a business to keep hard copies of everything. Going paperless with employee payroll can improve organization by reducing physical paperwork.
- Create a Payroll Calendar.A calendar that displays important tax dates, quarterly and year-end activities, as well as the creation and distribution of reports will help the payroll department keep other payroll activities on track with the year-round calendar.
- Enlist the Help of a Payroll Service.Small business owners who find themselves overwhelmed with office operations can keep things organized and reduce stress by enlisting the assistance of a payroll service. In addition to having a software program that makes payroll easier, the business will also have access to tech support and customer service.
- Include Mobile Access.A good payroll service will make it possible for the business owner and payroll department to take care of business from a remote location via remote access.
An organized payroll calendar ensures important tasks are completed on time.
Use a Payroll System that Functions with Other Bookkeeping
As business owners set out to streamline their payroll process, it?s wise to incorporate practices and tools that will improve overall bookkeeping. Payroll is one cog in the wheel, and it makes good business sense to ensure that any changes made to a business?s payroll practices will work with the rest of the business finances.
These tips can help small businesses that wish to organize this aspect of their business operations know where to start and what to consider as they begin.
Mary Ylisela is a writer and small business coach who encourages clients to work smarter, not harder, which includes streamlining operations such as payroll.
Source: http://daydaily.com/2013/06/30/top-7-tips-for-keeping-your-payroll-information-organized/
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Source: http://ruhr-draftsmanship.blogspot.com/2013/06/top-7-tips-for-keeping-your-payroll.html
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WHO: Treat people with HIV early to stop spread
FILE - In this Nov. 15, 2012 file photo a patient, right, is attended to at the U.S. sponsored Themba Lethu, HIV/AIDS Clinic at the Helen Joseph hospital in Johannesburg. To give people with HIV their best shot at survival and to stop the virus from spreading, patients should be treated much earlier than has previously been the case in developing countries, according to new guidelines issued Sunday, June 30, 2013, at an AIDS meeting in Malaysia by the World Health Organization. (AP Photo/Denis Farrell, File)
FILE - In this Nov. 15, 2012 file photo a patient, right, is attended to at the U.S. sponsored Themba Lethu, HIV/AIDS Clinic at the Helen Joseph hospital in Johannesburg. To give people with HIV their best shot at survival and to stop the virus from spreading, patients should be treated much earlier than has previously been the case in developing countries, according to new guidelines issued Sunday, June 30, 2013, at an AIDS meeting in Malaysia by the World Health Organization. (AP Photo/Denis Farrell, File)
FILE - In this Nov. 15, 2012 file photo, Christinah Motsoahae has blood taken for testing at the U.S. sponsored "Right to Care", Themba Lethu, HIV/AIDS Clinic, at the Helen Joseph hospital, in Johannesburg. To give people with HIV their best shot at survival and to stop the virus from spreading, patients should be treated much earlier than has previously been the case in developing countries, according to new guidelines issued Sunday June 30, 2013 at an AIDS meeting in Malaysia by the World Health Organization. (AP Photo/Denis Farrell, File)
FILE - In this Nov. 15, 2012 file photo a newly mechanized pharmaceutical machine that helps pharmacists dispense medicine is loaded with ARV medication, at the U.S. sponsored Themba Lethu, HIV/AIDS Clinic, at the Helen Joseph hospital, in Johannesburg. To give people with HIV their best shot at survival and to stop the virus from spreading, patients should be treated much earlier than has previously been the case in developing countries, according to new guidelines issued Sunday June 30, 2013 at an AIDS meeting in Malaysia by the World Health Organization. (AP Photo/Denis Farrell, File)
LONDON (AP) ? Young children and certain other people with the AIDS virus should be started on medicines as soon as they are diagnosed, the World Health Organization says in new guidelines that also recommend earlier treatment for adults.
The advice will have the most impact in Africa, where nearly 70 percent of people with HIV live. Many rich countries already advocate early treatment. WHO's new guidelines were released Sunday at the International AIDS Society meeting in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
About 34 million people worldwide have HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. HIV attacks key infection-fighting cells of the immune system known as T-cells. When that count drops to 200, people are considered to have AIDS. In the past, WHO recommended countries start treating people with HIV when their T-cell count fell to 350; a normal count is between 500 and 1,600.
The new recommendations say to treat earlier, when the T-cell count hits 500.
In addition to children younger than 5, WHO says several other groups should also get AIDS drugs as soon as they're diagnosed with HIV: pregnant and breast-feeding women, people whose partners are uninfected and those who also have tuberculosis or hepatitis B.
The guidelines mean an additional 9 million people in developing countries will now be eligible for treatment. At the moment, only about 60 percent of people who need the life-saving drugs are getting them.
"WHO has recognized that time is the most important commodity when it comes to battling the HIV epidemic," said Sharonann Lynch, HIV policy adviser at Doctors Without Borders, which contributed to the new guidelines.
She said that while the costs for rolling out this treatment might be expensive, the strategy would ultimately result in fewer HIV infections and deaths in the future.
"It's pay now or pay later," she said.
The guidelines also mean the total global spending on AIDS ? about $23 billion a year ? will rise by about 10 percent, according to Gottfried Hirnschall, director of WHO's HIV department. It's unclear how willing donors will be to pitch in for even more AIDS treatments.
Hirnschall said the cheapest course of the drugs costs $127 per person every year under programs that have negotiated prices for poor countries, but the price can be much higher elsewhere. WHO's recommended treatment is a single pill that combines three powerful drugs taken once daily.
In the U.S., officials recommend that everyone who has HIV should be on treatment but say there is only "moderate" evidence for starting therapy when the immune system is still working normally.
WHO's new guidelines are based largely on recent studies suggesting people with HIV who start treatment before their immune systems weaken live longer. The case of a U.S. baby girl with HIV who was treated aggressively within 30 hours of being born suggests very early treatment could prevent the virus from ever getting a foothold. Earlier this year, doctors announced the little girl from Mississippi was apparently cured after stopping medication for about a year with no signs of infection.
Several studies have also hinted that starting therapy early dramatically cuts the chances an infected person will pass the virus to a sexual partner.
If all countries start treating people with HIV in line with the new recommendations, WHO estimates 3 million lives could be saved and 3.5 million new infections could be avoided in the next decade.
But convincing people to take a lifelong regimen of drugs that come with side effects including liver problems and severe skin reactions, will be challenging.
"These drugs are not like sweeties," said Dr. Sarah Fidler, an HIV expert at Imperial College London who is leading a trial in Africa studying issues including the effectiveness of immediate treatment for people with HIV. She had no role in the WHO guidelines.
Studies in Africa have shown varying compliance rates from 50 percent to more than 90 percent, similar to elsewhere in the world. If patients aren't taking their medicines at least 70 percent of the time, that could also lead to drug resistance.
Fidler said that while the WHO guidelines are a step in the right direction, implementing them would not be easy.
"For people struggling with other issues like poverty, taking pills for a disease that isn't making them sick yet might not seem like the most important thing in the world," she said. "This is not going to be as simple as just giving drugs to everybody."
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Online:
WHO: www.who.int/hiv/en
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